Linux Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 更新到最新长期支持内核 v5.10.9
2021-01-25
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<br><br>
## 前言
新内核一般会支持更多新特性,对新硬件支持也会更好,例如如果要用 `RTX30` 系显卡,或 `AMD 4800H` 的核显,那就必须用新内核
缺点是可能资源负载略高于老内核,更推荐使用长期支持版的内核
<br>
`Linux Ubuntu 20.04` 的默认内核是 `5.4.x`
目前推荐的版本是 `5.10.9`
本文会简单概述如何更新内核,如果删除旧内核
<br><br>
## 动手
进入链接
[https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/?C=N;O=D](https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/?C=N;O=D)
找到 `5.10.9`
<br>
根据电脑64位处理器 选择 AMD64
```shell
Test amd64/build succeeded (rc=0, on=amd64, time=0:18:33, log=amd64/log)
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009-lowlatency_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_all.deb
amd64/linux-image-unsigned-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-image-unsigned-5.10.9-051009-lowlatency_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-modules-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-modules-5.10.9-051009-lowlatency_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
```
<br>
这里里面还分了 `generic` 和 `lowlatency`
所以这里面的 `*_all.deb` 是必选,其他都是2选1
```shell
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_all.deb
```
<br>
推荐选 `generic` ,那么最终下载的就是下面这4个
```shell
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-headers-5.10.9-051009_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_all.deb
amd64/linux-image-unsigned-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
amd64/linux-modules-5.10.9-051009-generic_5.10.9-051009.202101191835_amd64.deb
```
然后新建一个文件夹,把这4个文件放进去,cd到目录,执行安装命令
```shell
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
```
<br>
装完重启
<br>
然后再试试内核版本有没有变
```shell
uname -a
```
<br>
返回这样就正确了
```shell
Linux ubuntu 5.10.9-051009-generic
```
<br>
接下来是删除未被用到的内核来节约硬盘空间,这一步是可选的,毕竟老内核可以留着备用,万一哪天新内核炸了,切换老内核还有抢救的余地。所以见仁见智,这里只提一下方法。
<br>
首先用命令 看下一共装了哪些内核
```shell
sudo dpkg --get-selections |grep linux-
```
返回
```shell
linux-base install
linux-firmware install
linux-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-headers-5.10.9-051009 install
linux-headers-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-headers-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-headers-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-headers-5.9.12-050912 install
linux-headers-5.9.12-050912-generic install
linux-headers-5.9.12-050912-lowlatency install
linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-hwe-5.8-headers-5.8.0-36 install
linux-hwe-5.8-headers-5.8.0-38 install
linux-image-5.4.0-42-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.8.0-32-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.8.0-34-generic deinstall
linux-image-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-image-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-image-unsigned-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-image-unsigned-5.9.12-050912-generic install
linux-image-unsigned-5.9.12-050912-lowlatency install
linux-libc-dev:amd64 install
linux-modules-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-modules-5.4.0-42-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.8.0-32-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.8.0-34-generic deinstall
linux-modules-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-modules-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-modules-5.9.12-050912-generic install
linux-modules-5.9.12-050912-lowlatency install
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-42-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-32-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-34-generic deinstall
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-sound-base install
```
<br>
这里面重点关心 `linux-header-*` `linux-image-*` `linux-modules-*`
我这里会选择保留5.8和5.10,删掉之前装的5.9.x
<br>
这里有2个状态
**`deinstall`**
属于装过 现在已删除,只是一条记录,理论上留着也没事,但强迫症一定要删记录可以用这个命令
```shell
# 注意只针对 deinstall 的用这个命令
sudo dpkg -P linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-42-generic
```
**`install`**
属于已安装 现在还在硬盘 需要删除用这个命令
```shell
sudo apt-get remove linux-modules-5.9.12-050912-generic
# 如果要更彻底删除并清理配置文件,加一个--purge
sudo apt-get remove --purge linux-modules-5.9.12-050912-generic
# 结束以后再清理以下
sudo apt autoremove
# 建议也重启一下
```
<br>
我这里最终效果如下
```shell
# 查看命令
sudo dpkg --get-selections |grep linux-
# 返回结果
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu install
linux-base install
linux-firmware install
linux-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-headers-5.10.9-051009 install
linux-headers-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-headers-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-headers-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-headers-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-hwe-5.8-headers-5.8.0-36 install
linux-hwe-5.8-headers-5.8.0-38 install
linux-image-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-image-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04 install
linux-image-unsigned-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-libc-dev:amd64 install
linux-modules-5.10.9-051009-generic install
linux-modules-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-modules-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-36-generic install
linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-38-generic install
linux-sound-base install
```
大约是减少了1G左右的磁盘占用
## END